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In the medieval period, when the temple was on the shore (the shoreline has receded more than 3 km today), it was used as a navigational aid by the European sailors on their way to Calcutta. They used to call it the "Black Pagoda" to distinguish it from the "White temple"-the Jagannath Temple at Puri. An earlier Surya temple existed in Konark as long back as the 9th century but most of the existing structure dates from the 13th century.
The Jagamohana (porch or the audience hall) is the temple's most prominent feature. Originally, the hall had the doors facing east. The door caught the light of the morning sun and transmitted it to the sanctuary (in which the temple deity was kept) behind the porch. However, the sanctuary is now in ruins.
The sanctuary and the porch are mounted on an ornate platform carved with 24 giant wheels and seven horses. The clock-like spokes of the chariot wheels represent the hours of the day.
The porch is carved with erotic images, some tiny and intricate, others blocky and larger than life. Behind the porch, steps lead up to three images of Surya on the south, north and west sides.
Mayadevi Temple
To the south-west of the temple, behind the sanctuary, are the remains of the Mayadevi temple. The temple was thought to be dedicated to one of the Surya's wives but now is now believed to be an older Surya Temple.
Archaeological Museum
Just outside the Sun Temple is the Archaeological Museum that contains many sculptures and carvings found during the temple excavations. The museum is open throughout the week except Friday.
Konark Beach
Three kilometres away from the temple is the Konark beach. You can either walk down or hire a bicycle or cycle-rickshaw to reach the beach. A walk along the beach is a pleasant experience.
Events And Festivals
Konark Dance Festival
A dance festival is held in an open-air theatre built near the Sun Temple every year in the month of December. Known as the Konark dance festival, the event brings together eminent classical dancers of India who perform various dance forms like Odissi, Bharatnatyam, Manipuri, Kathak and Chhow. The classical extravaganza is a journey through ecstasy, and a visit to Konark during this time offers you with a combination of art, craft, fun and frolic.
Magha Saptami
Magha Saptami (Sun Festival) is held at Konark on the seventh day (saptami) of the bright half of the month of Magha (January/February). During this festival, the pilgrims bathe in the sea before sunrise and then proceed to the temple to worship.
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